Amniotic fluid emboli is a condition when the amniotic fluid enters and mixes into the mother's circulatory system. Generally occurs during labor or shortly after delivery. This condition is very dangerous because it is difficult to prevent and can trigger complications and threaten the lives of mothers and their babies.
Amniotic water emboli are actually rare, but difficult to prevent, even difficult to detect because they can occur suddenly and the cause is not known with certainty.
Signs and Phases of Amniotic Water Emboli
Although difficult to prevent, there are three typical signs that can occur in amniotic embolism, to help recognize this condition, namely:
- Hypoxia or a condition of the body lacking oxygen,
- Hypotension (low blood pressure), and
- Coagulopathy, which is a blood clotting disorder.
These conditions can cause bodily reactions such as nausea, vomiting, skin color turn bluish (cyanosis), heart attacks, respiratory failure, blood pressure that drops dramatically to shock and even coma, and can endanger the lives of sufferers. If the things mentioned above occur suddenly in the mother during / after giving birth, then it may be the cause of amniotic fluid embolism.
Amniotic water emboli occur in 2 phases, namely:
- The first phase, where a heart attack or respiratory failure occurs.
- The second phase, namely bleeding, both at the attachment site of the placenta, as well as on the incision wound in a Caesarean section.
Risk Factors for Amniotic Water Emboli
It is not easy to identify anyone at risk for amniotic embolism. Therefore, the condition of amniotic water embolism is classified as an unpredictable condition, or preventable.
However, there are several factors that are thought to increase the risk of amniotic embolism, namely:
- Pregnant women aged 35 years and over,
- Pregnant women who experience placental disorders,
- Experiencing preeclampsia,
- Pregnant with excess amount of amniotic fluid (polyhydramnios),
- Childbirth by Caesarean section, or
- Labor by induction method to trigger labor.
Handling Amniotic Water Emboli
Handling quickly and precisely is necessary because the amniotic water embolism can trigger a number of very dangerous complications, including damage to brain tissue due to lack of oxygen supply from the blood.
Treatment methods generally include administering oxygen to help patients breathe normally while maintaining oxygen supply to vital organs such as the lungs, heart and brain. In the event of stopping of breathing or cardiac arrest, resuscitation of the heart will be performed.
Then the medical team will install the equipment and carry out a series of examinations to monitor the condition of the lungs, blood pressure, and heart. Providing drugs to control blood pressure and help blood circulation can also be given. Patients may need to undergo intensive care (ICU) for some time, depending on the conditions.
Not only the mother, the doctor will also monitor the development of the baby's condition. Generally, babies will be placed in intensive care, to anticipate if there are signs of emergency in the baby.
Although you still need to be aware of the possibility of amniotic embolism in pregnant women during childbirth, but you should not need to worry too much about this, because it is very rare. Always do a regular pregnancy check up with your obstetrician, and try to get you to give birth in a health care facility that has adequate facilities.
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